Assessment of the deep resection margin during oral cancer surgery: A systematic review

The main challenge for radical resection in oral cancer surgery is to obtain adequate resection margins. Especially the deep margin, which can only be estimated based on palpation during surgery, is often reported inadequate. To increase the percentage of radical resections, there is a need for a quick, easy, minimal invasive method, which assesses the deep resection margin without interrupting or prolonging surgery. This systematic review provides an overview of technologies that are currently being studied with the aim of fulfilling this demand.A literature search was conducted through the databases Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. A total of 62 studies were included. The results were categorized according to the type of technique: ‘Frozen Section Analysis’, ‘Fluorescence’, ‘Optical Imaging’, ‘Conventional imaging techniques’, and ‘Cytological assessment’. This systematic review gives for each technique an overview of the reported performance (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, or a different outcome measure), acquisition time, and sampling depth.At the moment, the most prevailing technique remains frozen section analysis. In the search for other assessment methods to evaluate the deep resection margin, some technologies are very promising for future use when effectiveness has been shown in larger trials, e.g., fluorescence (real-time, sampling depth up to 6 mm) or optical techniques such as hyperspectral imaging (real-time, sampling depth few mm) for microscopic margin assessment and ultrasound (less than 10 min, sampling depth several cm) for assessment on a macroscopic scale.     

PBL和PACS在医学影像学教学中的应用

目的浅析影像学教学中开展图像存档和传输系统(PACS)与以问题为导向的教学方法(PBL)相结合的教学方式的作用。方法对本院48名医学影像学医学生开展研究,研究时间开始于2018年1月,结束于2019年1月,依据随机数字法将其分成对照组24例与观察组24例,将传统教学模式应用在对照组教学中,将PBL和PACS相结合的授课形式应用在观察组教学中,比较两组理论成绩以及临床实践能力。结果在理论考核项目和临床实践考核得分方面,观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用PBL和PACS相结合的授课模式,可有效提升医学影像学教学质量,保障学生更加有效地掌握理论知识以及专业技能。     

Outcomes of vascular resection associated with curative intent hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Background and aimsWe aimed to investigate the impact of vascular resection (VR) on postoperative outcomes and survival of patients undergoing hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsA retrospective analysis of a multi-institutional series of 270 patients with resected ICC was carried out. Patients were divided into three groups: portal vein VR (PVR), inferior vena cava VR (CVR) and no VR (NVR). Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to define the impact of VR on postoperative outcomes and survival.ResultsThirty-one patients (11.5%) underwent VR: 15 (5.6%) to PVR and 16 (5.9%) to CVR. R0 resection rates were 73.6% in NVR, 73.3% of PVR and 68.8% in CVR. The postoperative mortality rate was increased in VR groups: 2.5% in NVR, 6.7% in PVR and 12.5% in CVR. The 5-years overall survival (OS) rates progressively decreased from 38.4% in NVR, to 30.1% in CVR and to 22.2% in PVR, p = 0.030. However, multivariable analysis did not confirm an association between VR and prognosis. The following prognostic factors were identified: size ≥50 mm, patterns of distribution of hepatic nodules (single, satellites or multifocal), lymph-node metastases (N1) and R1 resections. In the VR group the 5-years OS rate in patients without lymph-node metastases undergoing R0 resection (VRR0N0) was 44.4%, while in N1 patients undergoing R1 resection was 20% (p < 0.001).ConclusionVascular resection (PVR and CVR) is associated with higher operative risk, but seems to be justified by the good survival results, especially in patients without other negative prognostic factors (R0N0 resections).     

四君子汤合四磨汤加减治疗出口梗阻型便秘吻合器经肛门直肠切除术后的临床疗效

目的:观察四君子汤合四磨汤加减治疗出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)吻合器经肛门直肠切除术后(STARR)的临床疗效。方法:124例患者随机按数字表法分为对照组和观察组各62例。对照组术后给予芪蓉润肠口服液,20 mL/次/,3次/d;观察组术后给予四君子汤合四磨汤加减内服,1剂/d。两组疗程均连续治疗4周,并进行8周随访。分别于手术前、治疗后2周,4周、随访8周进行便秘主要症状评分和Longo ODS评分;于手术前和治疗后4周,进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),丙二醛(MDA)和便秘患者生存质量自评量表(PAC-QOL)评价,并进行肛门直肠测压,记录肛管静息压(ARP),肛管最大收缩压(MSP),直肠排便压力(RSP),初始感觉阈值(FSV),排便感觉阈值(CRS)和最大耐受容量(MTV)等指标;随访记录并发症发生率、复发率和排便正常率;术后4周进行满意度评价和安全性评价。结果:治疗后4周,观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(Z=2.096,P0.05);治疗后2周,4周和随访8周,观察组便秘主要症状积分和Longo ODS评分均低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者ARP,FSV,FSV,CRS均低于对照组(P0.01),MSP和RSP均高于对照组(P0.01);观察组并发症发生率、复发率分别为20.97%(13/62)和4.84%(3/62),分别低于对照组的39.71%(24/62)和16.13%(10/62)(P0.05);观察组排便正常率为91.94%(57/62),高于对照组的80.65%(50/62),组间差异无统计学意义;观察组PAC-QOL总分和各因子评分均低于对照组(P0.01);观察组SOD水平高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组(P0.01);未发现干预中药相关不良反应。结论:四君子汤合四磨汤加减用于出口梗阻型便秘STARR术后患者,可进一步减轻便秘症状和病情程度,提高生活质量,降低术后并发症发生率和复发率,并可改善肛门直肠动力学指标和氧化应激指标,提高临床疗效。     

保留足趾的自体复合第2足趾关节移植治疗手指关节炎

目的 探讨保留足趾的自体复合第2足趾关节移植治疗手指关节炎的临床疗效.方法 2016年2月至2018年6月,共收治创伤性手指关节炎9例,其中男7例,女2例;年龄19~53岁,平均31.7岁;示指3例,中指6例;掌指关节(MP)关节炎4例,近侧指骨间关节(PIP)关节炎5例;均为创伤后继发的手指关节炎.采用游离带血供的自体复合第2足趾跖趾或趾骨间关节移植进行治疗,同时将受区废弃关节(7例)或切取自体髂骨移植(2例)修复供区骨缺损保留足趾长度,供区创面均直接关闭.术后观察手指和足趾骨折愈合情况、外形、移植关节活动度(ROM)、术后供区愈合情况和行走功能及相关并发症.结果 本组术后9例移植关节全部成活,1例足部供区行髂骨植骨微型钢板固定,术后1周伤口不愈合,考虑为内固定物排异反应,予拆除钢板改克氏针交叉固定,2周后创口顺利愈合.术后随访6~30个月,平均16.3个月.手指骨折平均愈合时间7~10周,平均8.3周,手指外观及功能良好.移植后的MP活动度为50°~75°,平均65.3°,PIP活动度为10°~85°,平均60.6°.根据中华医学会手外科学分会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评价手指功能:优5例,良3例,可1例,优良率为88.9%.足趾骨折平均愈合时间9~12周,平均10.2周,所有患者足趾外形良好,行走功能正常.2例取髂骨患者供区仅残留一条线形瘢痕,无疼痛、麻木等不适.结论 游离带血供的自体复合第2足趾关节移植治疗手指关节炎,同时应用受区废弃关节或切取自体髂骨移植修复供区骨缺损保留足趾,不仅能恢复手指关节的正常结构,使关节具有良好的功能,而且能保留足趾外形与功能,减少供区损伤,具有良好的治疗效果.     

自拟消痔汤对中重度痔疮术后患者的效果及疼痛改善情况分析

目的:分析自拟消痔汤对中重度痔疮术后患者的效果及疼痛改善情况。方法:选取2018年1月-2019年2月收治的进行痔疮手术的患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组60例,对照组运用高锰酸钾外用片进行治疗,研究组采用自拟消痔汤治疗,观察两组患者的治疗效果、并发症改善情况、术后疼痛改善情况。结果:研究组治疗效果比对照组好,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组疼痛停止时间、出血停止时间、水肿停止时间、坠胀感停止时间和恢复时间均低于对照组,差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05);术后第1天的视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分,研究组低于对照组,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第3 d、7 d、10 d的VAS评分,研究组均低于对照组,两组之间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过自拟消痔汤改善中重度痔疮患者术后预后显著缓解患者术后疼痛感,使患者的手术切口愈合更快。     

2 μm激光整块切除与电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床分析

目的:比较2 μm激光整块切除与电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年4月-2017年4月分别采用经尿道2微米激光整块切除(50例)和经尿道电切(48例)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者临床随访资料。结果:所有患者手术均顺利完成，激光组与电切组患者手术时间相当，两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，激光组患者留置尿管、膀胱冲洗及住院时间均少于电切组，比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；激光组患者并发症发生率、一年复发率及术区复发率低于电切组，两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；激光组术后病理含肌层率高于电切组，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经尿道2微米激光整块切除治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是一种安全、有效的治疗方式且术后肿瘤分期精确、减少肿瘤残留，是治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌较好的手术治疗选择，值得临床上推广应用。